The First Indo-Pak War (1947–48)
The First Indo-Pak War (1947–48)
Barely two months after India gained independence on 15 August 1947, the newly formed nation faced its first major military challenge. The princely state of Jammu & Kashmir, ruled by Maharaja Hari Singh, had not yet decided whether to join India or Pakistan. Taking advantage of this uncertainty, thousands of Pashtun tribal raiders from Pakistan, supported by elements within Pakistan, invaded Kashmir in October 1947 with the objective of capturing Srinagar before India could respond.
For over a year, under-equipped but fiercely determined Indian soldiers endured freezing mountain heights and treacherous terrain to liberate large swathes of the region before a UN ceasefire took effect. This heroic defense not only saved Kashmir but also birthed the first recipients of India's highest wartime gallantry award, the Param Vir Chakra, setting a permanent benchmark for military valor.
Param Vir Chakra Recipients of the First Indo-Pak War
Five soldiers were awarded the Param Vir Chakra for displaying extraordinary courage during the 1947–48 Indo-Pak War.
- Major Somnath Sharma (Posthumous)
- Naik Jadunath Singh (Posthumous)
- Lance Naik Karam Singh
- Company Havildar Major Piru Singh (Posthumous)
- Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane
1. Major Somnath Sharma (Posthumous)
Unit: 4 Kumaon Regiment
Battle: Battle of Badgam, 3 November 1947
Although his left arm was in a plaster cast after suffering an injury during training, Major Somnath Sharma refused to stay behind. Believing that duty came before personal safety, he insisted on leading his company into battle.
At Badgam, his company came under attack from nearly 500 tribal raiders advancing from three directions. Knowing that the fall of Srinagar Airfield would endanger the defence of Kashmir, he ordered his men to hold their positions despite being heavily outnumbered.
Moving fearlessly across exposed ground under continuous enemy fire, he encouraged his soldiers, personally filled and distributed magazines to the light machine-gun crews, and supervised the defence until the very end.
"The enemy are only 50 yards from us. We are heavily outnumbered. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round."
Moments later, a mortar shell exploded near his position, killing him instantly. His company's determined stand delayed the enemy advance for nearly six hours, allowing Indian reinforcements to secure Srinagar.
Why he received the Param Vir Chakra:
For displaying exceptional leadership, courage, and self-sacrifice while defending Badgam against overwhelming enemy forces, playing a decisive role in the defence of Srinagar.
2. Naik Jadunath Singh (Posthumous)
Unit: 1 Rajput Regiment
Battle: Defence of Naushera, 6 February 1948
Naik Jadunath Singh commanded a small forward post near Naushera when repeated waves of enemy troops attacked his position. Despite suffering heavy casualties, his section refused to abandon the post.
Even after most of his comrades had fallen and despite being wounded himself, he continued fighting almost alone. Armed with his Sten gun, he launched a fearless final charge that broke the enemy assault before he was fatally shot.
Why he received the Param Vir Chakra:
For single-handedly defending his post against repeated enemy attacks and displaying extraordinary courage despite overwhelming odds.
3. Lance Naik Karam Singh
Unit: 1 Sikh Regiment
Battle: Defence of Richhmar Gali, Tithwal Sector, October 1948
During intense fighting at Richhmar Gali in the Tithwal Sector, Lance Naik Karam Singh defended a forward position against repeated enemy attacks. Even after being wounded, he refused evacuation and continued leading his men.
Moving from trench to trench under heavy fire, he inspired his platoon and personally engaged enemy soldiers in close combat, ensuring that the post remained firmly in Indian hands.
Why he received the Param Vir Chakra:
For exceptional bravery, leadership, and determination while defending a vital forward position under constant enemy attack.
4. Company Havildar Major Piru Singh (Posthumous)
Unit: 6 Rajputana Rifles
Battle: Tithwal Sector, July 1948
Company Havildar Major Piru Singh led his platoon in an assault on heavily defended enemy positions. Intense machine-gun fire caused severe casualties, yet he continued advancing without hesitation.
Despite suffering multiple wounds, he cleared successive enemy trenches with grenades and rifle fire. Bleeding heavily and almost alone, he continued his assault until he was fatally wounded after eliminating another enemy position.
Why he received the Param Vir Chakra:
For extraordinary courage and determination in continuing his assault despite severe injuries, setting an example of complete devotion to duty.
5. Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane
Unit: Bombay Engineer Group
Operation: Rajouri Sector, April 1948
Unlike the infantry heroes who fought in direct combat, Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane served with the Corps of Engineers. His mission was to clear roads blocked by mines, fallen trees, and enemy obstacles so that Indian tanks and troops could advance.
For nearly three consecutive days, he worked under constant artillery and machine-gun fire, personally supervising the removal of mines and roadblocks. His efforts enabled Indian armour to advance and contributed significantly to the liberation of Rajouri.
Why he received the Param Vir Chakra:
For exceptional courage and devotion to duty while clearing enemy obstacles under direct fire, making the Indian advance possible.
Legacy of the 1947–48 Heroes
These five soldiers became the first recipients of the Param Vir Chakra and established the highest traditions of courage in the Indian Armed Forces. Their actions played a vital role in defending Jammu & Kashmir during India's first war after Independence and continue to inspire generations of soldiers and civilians alike.
Their stories remind us that victory is built not only on strategy and weapons, but also on the courage of individuals who refuse to give up even when the odds appear impossible.
Next Post: The Congo Crisis (1961): Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria and India's First UN Peacekeeping Hero
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